BMLT DMLT Course Admission in West Bengal Colleges
BMLT is a 3-year undergraduate program that emphasizes the use of Clinical Laboratory Tests for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. You must have a minimum of 50% in Class 10+2 or an equivalent grade from a recognized board. Admission to the BMLT course is based on scores from entrance exams like NEET, JENPAUH or JENPAS UG, and WBJEE, while other colleges grant admission based on the score from the last qualifying exam. The BMLT course includes a topic called Bio-Medical Waste Management. Medical technicians, lab technologists, etc., are some of the jobs available to BMLT graduates in the medical field today.
BMLT Course Highlights
Admission entrance Based
Duration 3 Years
Eligibility 10+2
Level Undergraduate
Program Structure Semester-wise
What is BMLT?
BMLT full form is Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Technology is a popular undergraduate course to learn the advanced skills related to lab technology. The program gives representatives an in-depth understanding of medical instruments and their application in medical testing. This training is useful to learners who want to work in laboratory monitoring, laboratory innovation, or measuring instruments.
A Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology degree can lead to employment options in health care system treatment centres, state and corporate medical facilities, research labs, medical laboratories, and other settings. The subjects in the course of BMLT have included Human Physiology, Bio-Medical Waste Management, Human Anatomy, Health Communication & Health Education, Biochemistry, and soon.
What is DMLT?
DMLT – Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
DMLT Course is a comprehensive program that trains individuals in laboratory diagnostics and medical testing. It is designed to equip students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and practical experience to work as competent and efficient medical laboratory technicians.
Throughout the DMLT course in Kolkata, you can expect a combination of theoretical classes, practical laboratory sessions, clinical rotations, and hands-on training to develop your technical skills and competence. Practical exposure and supervised internships in reputable healthcare facilities will provide you with real-world experience and help you become familiar with the professional environment.
Upon completion of the DMLT admission Kolkata program, you will be qualified to work as a medical laboratory technician in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, research institutions, blood banks, and other healthcare settings. You may also have opportunities to further your education and pursue higher degrees or certifications in specialized areas of laboratory technology.
Remember, specific curricula and program details may vary depending on the educational institution offering the DMLT program in Kolkata. It is always advisable to consult the program prospectus or contact the respective institution for accurate and detailed information.
BMLT Course Details
A Bachelor’s degree in medical laboratory Technology is shortly abbreviated as BMLT.
This course is designed to teach students about the technologies used in medical labs to cure and diagnose diseases.
Admission to this course is provided by checking the students’ performance in the relevant entrance exam. However, some MLT institutes get students in through the direct admission system by issuing the merit list based on previous qualifying exams of the board.
The applicants must qualify for the last board exams with at least a minimum score of 50% or even more.
All about BMLT Course
BMLT course is a bachelor-level course offered by multiple institutions with a duration of the course as 3 years. Students who aspire for admission should visit the university’s website and fill up the application form listed for admission. Students for admission are needed to have completed their intermediate-level study from a recognized institution or board.
Medical Lab technology is one of the most rapidly growing areas in the medical field. Every day, there is an increase in the demand for skilled people to cure fast-expanding ailments using numerous technology facilities. Candidates with a BAMLT bachelor’s obtain technical and practical expertise for accurate diagnosis and awareness of how to proficiently operate biological labs. The course focuses on training nominees in the administration of operating rooms (OTs) and how to easily manage numerous medical tools and implement standards of care.
Why Study BMLT Course after 12th?
BMLT is a bachelor-level course that is opted by students having an interest in developing a professional career in the medical laboratory. By opting for the BMLT course students open the path toward a successful career. Some of the main profits after opting for the BMLT course are:
A BMLT or Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology degree may lead to employment options in a variety of fields, including:
A nominee may choose to work as a Scientific Scholar/ Researcher or in R&D research labs.
A student may choose to collaborate as a Lab technologist in public health laboratories, pathology labs, pharmaceutical labs, research and product development, hospitals, and other settings.
One can work as a research associate in a variety of biotechnological sectors. Also, can work as a superintendent or advisor in a lab, the pharmaceutical industry, or product testing firms, among other places.
A professional life on this ground is one of the most complex tasks and rewarding in competitive terms. In this line of work, difficult obstacles and newer technologies are encountered daily.
Who Should Pursue BMLT?
Medical science is one of the finest and most reputed professions joined by a lot of young graduates every year with a whole lot of enthusiasm. BMLT course is one of those courses that come under health science which helps students to align them with the work ethics in the healthcare sector.
The BMLT scope for the graduates is in the designations like R&D contractual lab assistant, junior technical executive, lab medicine technician, X-Ray Technician, laboratory technician, system analyst, laboratory technician, etc. The professional can opt for higher-education post their bachelor’s degree in Master of Medical Laboratory Technology [MMLT] which will allow them to broaden up their knowledge in the subjects related to the degree
When to Pursue BMLT?
Upon completing his/her intermediate, an applicant can pursue a UG degree in medical laboratory technology. After passing class 10+2, a nominee can pursue a certificate in Medical Laboratory Technology, which will expand a wide range of job options. However, to be effective in MLT, an applicant should first complete a Bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Technology.
Types of BMLT Course
With the passage of technological advancement, medical labs have become more advanced, and to run such technologies. For fulfilling the needs of students for completing their BMLT education, different methods are adopted, such as:
BMLT Full-Time
A Full-Time BMLT course is the most common learning method utilized by institutions and students. In this course, the studies are divided into six semesters of the three years completion period. The enrolment rate for BMLT full-time is higher than the part-time and online BMLT courses.
Upon finishing BMLT, you would be able to pursue a rewarding career in a private laboratory, minor emergency centers, clinics, doctor’s offices, hospital, or blood donor centers A technician can advance to the level of technologist via additional working experience and knowledge. Graduates who accomplish BMLT often work as High-ranking Technicians in Diagnostic Laboratories, Hospitals, Blood Banks, and Nursing Homes.
BMLT Part-Time
The part-Time education system for BMLT is intended to teach students who lack time for completing their higher education. As we know that BMLT is a graduate degree program, and its importance is very well known to every student; due to its demand, students are now diverting their interests toward this field. However, not everyone can take full-time classes to complete BMLT.
BMLT through part-time mode is most facilitating to the students engaged in professional life and have no time management. Such students can complete their bachelor’s degree by taking enrolment to a part-time BMLT program.
Online BMLT Course
The Online Bachelor’s degree program of Medical Lab technology is based on learning through video lectures, either in real-time or recorded. The course fee in online learning is less, and everyone can easily afford it, and even professionals can take online classes at their workplaces.
The eligibility required for online courses is almost based on 10+2 results and exclusive of the entrance exam. For online BMLT courses, the most recommended institutes are IGNOU, Tamil Nadu Open University, and many others. An online BMLT degree is also demanding in various public and private healthcare sectors.
BMLT Admission in West Bengal 2022
In the majority of BMLT institutes, the system of direct Admission is adopted. In such a selection system, the previous marks of the students in 10+2 are considered for BMLT Admission.
When the Admission process starts, students will apply simply through the online mode at the official webpage of the university to which they are applying. Physical applications can also be sent to the university in which an application form along with the attested documents must be attached in the prescribed manner.
Mostly BMLT Admission is granted through an intermediate score basis of the candidate. Other institutes, which provide entrance-based Admission will commence the exam in September 2022. The results of the conducted entrance exams will be issued hopefully in October 2022, and then the classes will be started.
Some institutions conduct their organized admission tests for selection to BMLT. They also organize counseling to guide the students after their qualification in the exam.
BMLT Course Eligibility Criteria
BMLT applicant must have completed 12th with a minimum of 50% points.
When applying to the BMLT bachelor’s degree program, the student’s age must not be less than 17 years.
Students who have completed their board examination of 10+2, but their result has not been announced yet, are also welcome to apply for BMLT.
Combination of subjects (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology)
There are no national-level entrance exams for these courses; however, some institutes may conduct entrance exams to offer BMLT admission.
BMLT Course Entrance Exam 2022
There is no separate entry requirement for Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology enrolment; acceptances are influenced by past standardized test competence results or are made via National Medical exams.
Even so, public universities such as AIIMS and PGIMER make admittance decisions based on marks obtained by students in an entrance exam administered by the corresponding academy. These entry exams include the 12th class departure questionnaire in Biology, Physics, and Chemistry. A few of the BMLT popular entrance exams are:
JNUEE: Jawaharlal Nehru University Entrance Exam has been conducted once a year to offer Admission to BMLT and other various courses. Other than JNU’s main campus, this exam provides entry for its 14 affiliated schools. The applications for JNUEE will be issued in July 2022. Counselling of students is also conducted here.
PGIMER: The applications for PGIMER will be released by the INICEE in March 2022. This entrance exam is conducted for various medical degree courses such as BMLT.
JIMPER: For various medical courses, JIMPER has now been replaced by NEET and is conducted every year by NTA.
BCECE: Previously, the Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination (BCECE) was held for enrolment in engineering, medicine, pharmacy, and architecture.
BMLT Entrance Exam Syllabus
Applicants must be cognizant of the BMLT entrance exam 2022 Syllabus and plan better to gain enrolment to the numerous programs such exams offer. Applicants will be evaluated in the entrance exam on their understanding of all topics offered during the 12th class curriculum, such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and English subjects. Usually, the question paper consists of 100 questions in the format of MCQs. The time given to students may vary depending on the institute. In some cases, negative marking is applicable, and one mark is subtracted if you selected the wrong option.
BMLT Admission in Delhi University
Delhi University is a prestigious university in India renowned for its high education excellence, distinctive teaching staff, impressive graduates, diverse founder actions, and high living standards spread across four sites. A highly standardized education for BMLT courses can be obtained from Delhi University.
DU accepts the score of various national entrance exams for BMLT, or it also conducts its university level entrance exam known as Delhi University Joint Admission Test DU JAT. The method of BMLT learning at DU is full-time and regular.
BMLT Admission in IGNOU
IGNOU is the ideal choice if you are a student and want to enroll in distance BMLT. The Indira Gandhi National Open University has an advanced BMLT curriculum, and subjects are almost the same that are taught in regular BMLT courses. There is no concept of an entrance exam for BMLT Admission in IGNOU. The study expenses of BMLT are also reasonable and affordable for students. While being enrolled in distance courses, students can also work on a part-time or full-time basis. Students can take admitted to BMLT college in West Bengal.
BMLT Admission in IPU
IPU BMLT admission for the academic session 2022-23 has been started, and the last date for IPU BMLT admission is 30 April 2022. Students who aspire to BMLT admission will have to appear in the CET exam conducted by IPU University.
BMLT admission in the IPU university is offered with a 3-year duration and is aimed at providing all the essential information related to the medical laboratory. BMLT program at IPU University has been approved by the UGC, AICTE and many other organizations.
BMLT in Symbiosis University
Symbiosis University is known for conducting Admission through the SET entrance exam every year. The BMLT Admission 2022 at Symbiosis will also be offered through SET. It is the university-level entrance exam conducted by Symbiosis University itself. Students can take Admission to the main Symbiosis Campus or its affiliated bodies by qualifying for this exam. Excluding the entrance exam score, the 10+2 score of candidates is also a criterion for determining students’ eligibility.
BMLT Admission in Amity University
BMLT Admission in Amity University is offered each year to many students via its entrance exam policy. The test is the Amity organized entrance designed for Admission to various courses being offered by Amity. Amity University is the research institute that is most suitable for getting a BMLT course because students can learn here important research-related concepts of MLT and can further research for new technologies.
BMLT Admission in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
BMLT admission in the VMMC college is going to be started soon for students aspiring for admission to the course. VMMC college is among the top-ranked and opt-after colleges in India among students for the BMLT course. The method for admission to the BMLT course at the institution is based on the entrance test process.
BMLT Distance Education
BMLT Distance Education is intended to teach the students with the same curriculum as it is adopted for the regular courses. Through this course, students become experts to serve in the highly advanced Medical Technology Labs.
Distance BMLT Admission Process
Distance BMLT Admission Process is described as:
The distance BMLT Admission is merit-based. Students who have a certificate of 10+2 or even a diploma degree in any related field are eligible for BMLT distance Admission.
There are no age limit criteria for BMLT Admission, and also the concept of an entrance exam is excluded.
IGNOU BMLT Distance Education
IGNOU prepares excellent graduates of MLT through its distance learning BMLT program. IGNOU never compromises the quality of education. It is one of the favorite institutes of students who desire to study at a distance mode. Distance BMLT, pursued at IGNOU, provides an equal weightage of job opportunities to qualified candidates.
BMLT Syllabus
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology or BSc Medical Lab Technology is a program of three years separated into six semesters. The BMLT curriculum is organized and intended to expose learners to the significance of labs in wellbeing and other industries. Its syllabus consisted of many subjects, including Human Anatomy, Microbiology, Human Physiology, Parasitology, Health Education, Virology, and others introduced to learners. Excluding the major subjects of study, the curriculum consists of some elective subjects intended to provide some extra related skills.
Course Structure
FIRST-YEAR
COURSE OF STUDY
B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology Part I (First Year)
- No. Subjects Theory Practical Total
- Basic Anatomy 70 20 90
- Physiology 70 20 90
- Biochemistry 70 20 90
- General Pathology 70 20 90
- Hematology, Instruments 70 20 90
- General Microbiology 70 20 90
- Environmental Studies (EVS) 20 ___ 20
- English 40 ___ 40
* Not included for University Examinations.
B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology Part-II (Second Year)
- No. Subjects Theory Practical Total
- Pathology-I & Blood Bank Procedures 70 30 100
- Pathology-II 70 30 100
- General Microbiology-I (Immunology & Serology) 70 30 100
- Microbiology-II, Parasitology 70 30 100
- Clinical Biochemistry 50 30 80
- *Computer 30 30 60
* Not included for University Examinations.
B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology Part-III (Third Year)
- No. Subjects Theory Practical Total
- Pathology-I Paper (Histopathology & Cytology Techniques) 70 30 100
- Pathology-II (Coagulation studies) 70 30 100
- Microbiology-I (Systematic Bacteriology, Mycology) 70 30 100
- Microbiology-II (Virology, Quality Laboratory
Management & Automation) 70 30 100
- Research & Biostatistics 40 ____ 40
Note: Subsidiary subjects (i) Computer Fundamentals & Programming
(ii) Professional Communication in English
(iii) EVS (Environmental Science & Ecology)
All the subsidiary subject examination will be conducted by the faculty of Paramedical Sciences. Their marks will not be counted in the grand total of university examinations. But EVS subjects will be included in the mark sheet of the University Exams. Passing Subsidiary subjects is mandatory as per guidelines of UGC to complete the course.
DETAILED SYLLABUS B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT)
First Year
ANATOMY (GENERAL)
Introduction of anatomy – gross human anatomy & their relations:
- General Anatomy
- a) Cell – structure & function Ultrastructure and functions of cell- Plasma membrane- Nucleus – Mitochondria Centrosome- Ribosome-Endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi body & lysosome. Nucleus – UUltrastructure& functions.
- b) Chromosomes: Structure & chemical composition, types of chromosomes. Chromosome aberration. Cell Division: Amitosis- Mitosis- Meiosis- Significance of mitosis & meiosis- Cell cycle. Tissue: – Structure, position and functions of epithelial, connective, muscular & nervous tissue.
- c) Tissue – Epithelium – Connective – Sclera’s – Muscular – Nervous
- d) Lymphatic System
- Systemic Basic Features of:
- a) Cardiovascular system b) Respiratory system c) Digestive system d) Excretory system e) Genital (Male & Female) system f) Nervous system
Osteology:
- The skeleton – axial & appendicular (over view), Cavities of body- (cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic). Structure of bone, Type & function of bone, Blood & nerve supply of the bone. Planes of the body. Anatomical terminology.
- Joints – classification, fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints (structure & types). Types of movement at synovial joints.
- Anatomy of muscular system – Skeletal muscle structure. Important skeletal muscle (muscles of facial expression, mastication. Muscle that moves the head). Over view of Trunk muscles, upper limb muscles, lower limb muscles.
- Anatomy of nervous system – spinal cord anatomy (external & internal anatomy). Connection & distribution of spinal nerves-overview (Branches, plexuses. Intercostal nerves). Overview of brain organization & blood supply. Brief anatomical idea on – brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum. Cranial nerves
Embryology – general
Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis & oogenesis) –Structure of testis, ovary & sperm –Phases of embryonic development – formation of three germ layers- derivatives of germ layers – Embryonic or Foetal membrane (chorion, amnion, allantois, yolk sac) &placenta & its functions.
PHYSIOLOGY
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
- Cell: Structure & function
- Blood:
Blood Vascular system: Composition and functions of blood. Plasma proteins – normal values, origin and functions. Brief idea on Bone marrow. Formed elements of blood – origin, formation, functions and fate. Haemoglobin – functions, compounds and derivatives. Abnormal haemoglobin-overview. Thalassemia-brief idea. Different types of anaemia and their causes-overview. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and its significance. Haematocrit. PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC. Blood volume – normal values, regulation. Blood coagulation – factors, process, anticoagulants, Prothrombin time. Clotting time. Bleeding time. Blood groups – ABO systems and Rh factors. Blood transfusion. Ultra-structure & functions of blood vessels (artery & vein). Structure type and function of capillaries. Differences between artery & vein. Anaemia & Immunoglobulins
- Cardiovascular system
Heart rate, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, hypertension, radial pulse. Structure & function of Heart & blood vessels (artery, vein and capillary) (Anatomical position, chambers of heart.) Blood circulation through heart. Special junctional tissue of heart. (Myogenic and neurogenic heart conducting system of heart. E.C.G. Cardiac cycle. Heart Sound, Blood vessels – type, Structure & function, Systemic & pulmonary circulation. Blood – composition, Function, blood group, Blood clotting. Cardiac cycle and cardiac output. Blood Pressure-regulation & controlling factors.
- Respiratory System
- a) Ventilation
- b) Functions
- c) Lungs Volumes and capacities
- Gastrointestinal System Process of digestion in various parts
- Endocrinology
- a) List of Endocrine Glands
- b) Hormones: Their secretion and functions (in brief)
- Excretion system
Renal System:
Function of kidney, Anatomy & Histology of Nephron & collecting duet. – Urine formation (Filtration, reabsorption and secretion)- Counter – current system of urine concentration, Anomalies in urine concentration.
- Central Nervous System
- a) Parts
- b) Sliding Filament Theory
- c) Neuro Muscular Junction
- d) Wallerian Degeneration
- e) Motor Nervous system – Upper motor neuron system – Lower motor neuron system
- f) Sensory nervous system
- g) Sympathetic Nervous system
- h) Parasympathetic nervous system
- Skin – Function & Structure
- Muscular System Classification of muscles & their functions: Microscopic and electron microscopic structure of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. Difference between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. The acetabular system. Red and white striated muscle fibres. Single unit and multi-unit smooth muscle. Motor point. Properties of muscle: excitability and contractility, all or none law, summation of stimuli, summation of contractions, effects of repeated stimuli, genesis of tetanus, onset of fatigue, refractory period, tonicity, conductivity, extensibility and elasticity. Electromyography. Muscle contraction – E C Coupling, Muscle fatigue, Rigor mortis, Sliding filament theory, Slow & fast muscle fibres, Isotonic & Isometric contraction.
- Special Senses – Eye & ear (in brief)
PHYSIOLOGY
(General)
(Practical)
- Haemoglobin estimation
- Determination of blood pressure
- Determination of BT, CT, ESR
- Blood film making & identification of different blood corpuscle.
- ECG wave identification
- Measurement of TC of RBC & WBC & DC of WBC.
- Determination of Blood Group (ABO; Rh)
BIOCHEMISTRY-I
THEORY
- Clinical Laboratory
- Responsibility of health care personnel
- Laboratory hazards- Physical, Chemical and Biological Laboratory safety measures Safety regulations and first aid in laboratory.
- Laboratory apparatus: Different types use, care and maintenance (Where appropriate, diagrams to be drawn in practical record)
- Glass ware in laboratory – Significance of boro silicate glass. Plastic ware in laboratory. Cleaning of glass ware and plastic ware.
- Pipettes – Glass and Automated
- Burettes, Beakers, Petri dishes, Porcelain dish · Flasks – different types (volumetric, round bottomed, Erlenmeyer, conical etc.,)
- Funnels – different types (Conical, Buchner etc.,)
- Bottles – Reagents, Wash bottles
- Measuring cylinders, reagent dispensers.
- Tubes – Test tube, Centrifuge tube, Folin-Wu tube
- Curettes and its use in measurements, curettes for visible and UV range
- Racks – Bottle, Test tube, Pipette and draining racks
- Tripod stand, Wire gauze, Bunsen burner, Desiccators, Stop watch, timers
III. Instruments: Use, care and maintenance (Where appropriate, pictures/diagrams and schematic diagrams to be drawn in practical record)
- Water bath, Oven & Incubators, Distillation apparatus – water distillation plant and water deionizers, Reflux condenser, Cyclomixers, Magnetic stirrer, Shakers
- Refrigerators, Deep freezers, Cold box
- Centrifuges*: Principle, Svedberg unit, centrifugal force, centrifugal field, rpm, Conversion of G to rpm and vice versa) Components, working. Different types of centrifuges
- Laboratory balances*: Physical and analytical. Mono & double pan, electronic balances. Weighing different types of chemicals, liquids, hygroscopic compounds etc. Precautionary measures while handling (Diagram) · Photometry – Colorimeter*- Principle, limitations of Beer-Lambert’s law, components, working. · pH meter*- Principle, components-pH measuring electrodes, Working, Precautions taken while handling. (Diagram of pH meter)
(*Diagram mandatory)
- Units of measurement
- Metric system. Common laboratory measurements, Prefixes in metric system
- International system of units- SI units- definition, classification, Conversion of conventional and SI Units.
- Introduction of general Bio-molecules:
- Chemistry of carbohydrates: Classification (structures for monosaccharide*), Functions of carbohydrates
- Chemistry of amino acids*: Classification based on structure and nutritional requirement, Occurrence. Functions of amino acids.
- Chemistry of lipids: Classification: Classification of lipids and fatty acids. Functions of lipids.
- Chemistry of nucleotides*: Purine and Pyrimidine bases. Composition of nucleosides and nucleotides. Occurrence of bases.
*Structure mandatory
- Fundamental Chemistry
- Valence, molecular weight & Equipment weight of elements and compounds. Normality. Molarity, Molality.
VII. Solutions: Definition, use, classification where appropriate, preparation and storage
- Stock and working solutions.
- Molar and Normal solutions of compounds and acids. (NaCl, NaOH, HCl, H2SO4, H3pO4, CH3COOH etc
) · Preparation of percent solutions – w/w, v/v w/v (solids, liquids and acids), Conversion of a percent solution into a molar solution
- Saturated and supersaturated solutions
- Standard solutions. Technique for preparation of standard solutions and Storage. E.g: glucose, albumin etc.
- Dilution- Diluting Normal, Molar and percent solutions. Preparing working standard from stock standard
. · Part dilutions: Specimen dilutions. Serial dilutions. Reagent dilution. Dilution factors
VIII. Acids, Bases, Salts and Indicators:
Basic concepts. Determination of pH-Henderson Hasselback’s equation. Buffer solution. pH determination of buffers. Blood ph. Fluid buffers.
- Biomedical waste management
PRACTICAL
1- Introduction Aim, basis, interpretation, safety in clinical biochemistry Laboratory
2- Laboratory organisation Instruments, glassware, sample collection & specimen labelling, routine tests, anticoagulants, reagents, cleaning of glassware, isotonic solution, standardization of methods, preparation of solution & interpretation of result, normal values.
3- Identification of Carbohydrates (qualitative tests).
3- Identification of Proteins (qualitative tests).
4- To study general properties of the enzyme (Urease) & Achromatic time of Salivary amylase.
5- Urine analysis – normal & abnormal constituents of urine.
6- CSF & Semen Analysis – Gross & Microscopic.
7- Glucose tolerance test & Glycosylated haemoglobin.
8- Centrifugation: Principle, types & applications.
9- Chromatography: Definition, types, RF value, description of paper chromatography & applications.
10- Uses, Care and Maintenance of various instruments of the laboratory.
GENERAL PATHOLOGY, HEMATOLOGY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY INSTRUMENTS & REGENTS
BIOCHEMISTRY-I
THEORY
GENERAL PATHOLOGY:
- Cell Injury and Cellular Adaptations.
- a) Normal Cell
- b) Cell Injury- types of cell injury, ethology of cell injury, morphology of cell injury, cellular swelling.
- c) Cell death: types- autolysis, necrosis, apoptosis & gangrene.
- d) Cellular adaptations-atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia & dysplasia.
- Inflammation
- a) Acute inflammation – vascular event, cellular event, inflammatory cells.
- b) Chronic Inflammation – general features, granulomatous inflammation, tuberculoma.
- Hemodynamic Disorders:
Oedema, hyperaemia, congestion, haemorrhage, circulatory disturbances, thrombosis, ischaemia & infarction.
- Neoplasia:
Definition, how does it differ from hyperplasia, difference between benign tumour and malignant tumour.
- Healing Definition, different phases of healing, factors influencing wound healing.
HISTOPATHOLOGY:
– Mounting techniques – Section cutting – Tissue processing – H & E staining
HEMATOLOGY:
THEORY
- Haematological Disorders:
- Classification of Anaemia: Morphological & etiological.
- Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Distribution of body Iron, Iron Absorption, causes of iron deficiency, lab findings.
- Megaloblastic Anaemia: Causes, Lab findings.
- Haemolytic Anaemia: Definition, causes, classification & lab findings.
- Bone Marrow: Cell composition of normal adult Bone marrow, Aspiration, Indication, Preparation & Staining
- Leukaemia: Classification, Blood Picture, Differentiation of Blast Cells.
- Basic Haematological Techniques:
- Characteristics of good technician
- Preparation of specimen collection material.
- Lab. request form.
- Basic steps for drawing a blood specimen by venepuncture. Complications of venepuncture.
- Patient after care
- Specimen rejection criteria for blood specimen
- Homolysis of blood
- Blood collection by skin puncture (Capillary Blood)
- Arterial puncture.
- Deciding specimen types and selection of – O Anticoagulant- EDTA, Citrate, Oxalate, Heparin, sodium fluoride.
- Separation of serum
- Separation of plasma
- Changes in blood on keeping
- Maintenance of specimen identification
- Transport of the specimen.
- Effect of storage on Blood Cell Morphology
MICROBIOLOGY, INSTRUMENTS & REGENTS
THEORY
MICROBIOLOGY
- General characters and classification of Bacteria.
- Introduction to Characteristics of Bacteria Morphology – Shape, Capsule, Flagella, Inclusion, Granule, Spore.
- Growth and Maintenance of Microbes Bacterial division, Batch Culture, Continuous culture, bacterial growth- total count, viable count, bacterial nutrition, oxygen requirement, CO2 requirement, temperature, pH, light.
- Sterilization and Disinfection. Physical agents- Sunlight, Temperature less than 1000C, Temperature at 1000C, steam at atmospheric pressure and steam under pressure, irradiation, filtration. Chemical Agents- Alcohol, aldehyde, Dyes, Halogens, Phenols, Ethylene oxide.
- Culture Media Definition, uses, basic requirements, classification, Agar, Peptone, Transport Media, Sugar Media, Anaerobic Media, Containers of Media, Forms of Media
- Staining Methods Simple, Gram’s staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining or AFB staining, Negative Impregnation
- Collection and Transportation of Specimen General Principles, Containers, Rejection, Samples- Urine, Faeces, Sputum, Pus, Body fluids, Swab, Blood.
- Disposal of Laboratory/Hospital Waste Non-infectious waste, Infected sharp waste disposal, infected non-sharp waste disposal.
PRACTICAL
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
- Preparation of swabs/sterile tubes & bottles.
- Preparation of smear.
- Staining.: Gram & Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
- Identification of Culture media.
- Identification of instruments.
- Identification of common microbes.
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH
- Grammar-structure of sentences etc.
- Essay- Descriptive-Comparative-Argumentative etc.
- Reading Comprehension from recommended text etc. biodata, Resume-curriculum vitae etc.
- Report writing-structure, types of reports etc.
- Communication-public speaking skills, features of effective speech etc.
- Group discussions-principle-practice etc.
EVS (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY)
General
Introduction, components of the environment, environment degradation.
Ecology
Elements of Ecology; Ecological balance and consequences of change, principles of
environmental impact assessment.
Air Pollution and Control
Atmospheric composition, energy balance, climate, weather, dispersion, sources and effects
of pollutants, primary and secondary pollutants, green-house effect, depletion of ozone layer,
standards and control measures.
Water Pollution and Control
Hydrosphere, natural water, pollutants: their origin and effects, river/lake/ground water
pollution, standards and control.
Land Pollution
Lithosphere, pollution (municipal, industrial, commercial, agricultural, hazardous solid
wastes); their origin and effects, collection and disposal of solid waste, recovery and
conversion methods.
Noise Pollution
Sources, effects, standards and control.
B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT)
Second Year
PATHOLOGY-I & BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES
THEORY
- Blood Grouping:
Introduction
Human Blood
Group system
ABO Subgroups
Red Cell Antigen
Natural Antibodies
Rh System
Rh Antigens & Rh Antibodies
Haemolytic Disease of Newburn & Prevention
Principal of Blood grouping, antigen-antibody reaction.
Agglutination, Haemagglutination, Condition required for antigen antibody
reaction.
Blood grouping techniques, Cell grouping, Serum grouping.
Methods for ABO grouping. Slide & Tube Method, Cell grouping, Serum grouping,
Rh grouping by slide & tube method.
Difficulties in ABO grouping.
Rouleaux formation, how it interferes with Blood grouping.
Auto agglutinins.
Antiserum used in ABO test procedures, Anti –A, Anti-B Anti- AB Antiserum.
Inheritance of the Blood groups.
Control, A&B Cells preparation, Auto control.
Medical applications of Blood groups.
- Blood Transfusion:
Principal & Practice of blood Transfusion.
Blood Transfusion service at District level.
Guide lines for the use of Blood, Appropriate use of Blood, Quality Assurance.
Antilogous Blood Transfusion practices.
Objectives of Quality Assurance in Blood Transfusion services, Standard operating
procedures for usage, donation & storage of blood, screening of donor,
compatibility testing, safety, procurement of supplies.
- 3. Blood Donation:
Introduction
Blood donor requirements
Criteria for selection & rejection
Medical history & personal details
Self-exclusion.
Health checks before donating blood.
Screening for TTI.
- Blood Collection
Blood collection packs.
Anticoagulants.
Taking & giving sets in Blood transfusion.
Techniques of collecting blood from a doctor.
Instructions given to the donor after blood donation.
Adverse donor reaction.
- Testing Donor Blood
Screening donor’s blood for infectious agents – HIV, HCV, HBV, Trepanoma palladium, Plasmodium, HTLV.
Bacterially contaminated Blood.
- Blood Donor Records
Blood donation record book.
Recording results.
Blood donor card.
- Storage & Transport
Storage of blood.
Changes in blood after storage.
Gas refrigerator.
Lay out of a blood bank refrigerator
Transportation.
- Maintenance of Blood Bank Records
Blood bank temperature sheet.
Blood bank stock sheet.
Blood transfusion request form.
- 9. Compatibility Testing
Purpose
Single tube compatibility techniques using AHG reagent.
Emergency compatibility testing.
Difficulties in cross matching.
Labelling & Issuing cross- matched blood.
- Blood Components & Preparations
Collection of blood components for fractional transfusion.
Platelets packed Red Cell, Platelet rich Plasma, Platelets concentrate.
Preparation of concentrated (packed) Red cells.
Techniques of preparation.
- Blood Transfusion Reactions
Investigation of a Transfusion reaction.
Haemolytic transfusion reaction.
Actions to take when transfusion reaction occurs.
PRACTICAL
Blood grouping & Cross Matching, collection procedures, storage and components separation
PATHOLOGY-II – HISTOPATHOLOGY & HEMATOLOGY
THEORY
– Automated Tissue Procedure, Micro tomes, Frozen section, Special stains like pas,
mucicarmine, maintaining techniques, application of computer in pathology, museum
techniques.
– Reticulocyte count, red cell indices, sickling test, osmotic fragility test, G6 PD Deficiency,
Test for autoimmune Haemolytic anemia
– Haemostasis and coagulation
– Schilling Test
– FNAC
– LE Cell Phenomena
PRACTICAL
(i) Paraffin Section Cutting
(ii) HE stains
(iii) WBC Count, Platelets count, RBC Count
(iv) ESR
(v) BT, CT
(vi) PT, APTT
(vii) VII. Blood smear preparation
MICROBIOLOGY-I
THEORY
IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY
- Immunity – Definition and classification
– General Principles of Innate & Acquired Immunity.
- Immune Response- Humoral immunity & cell mediated immunity.
- Antigen – Definition, classes, properties.
- Antibodies/Immunoglobulins – Definition, Properties, Sub types of Immunoglobulins
- Antigen/Ab Reaction/Serological Refractions –
- Features of antigen/antibody Reaction-
– Precipitation
– Agglutination
– Complement fixation test
– Neutralization
– Opsonization
– Immune adherence
– Immune fluorescence
– Immune electron microscopic test
- Structure and functions of Immune System
– Parts of Immune system
– T/B cells, other cells & their functions
- Hyper sensitivity Reactions
– General Principles of different types of hypersensitive
reactions i.e., type 1, 2, 3, 4.
– Auto immune disorders
- ELISA
- Vaccination – Schedule & Vaccines
- Biomedical Waste & Management and Law Governing it.
MICROBIOLOGY-II (IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY & PARASITOLOGY)
THEORY
PARASITOLOGY
- Definition – parasitism, HOST, Vectors etc.
- Classification of Parasites.
- Phylum Protozoa- general Pathogenic and non-pathogenic protozoa.
- Phylum Nemathelminths/Round words (Nematoda)
- Phylum Platyhelminths – class-Cestode, class-Trematoda.
- Lab diagnosis of parasitic infections.
Protozoa:
- Intestinal Amoebae
- E. Histolytica: Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis
- B. coli: Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis
- Flagellates of intestine/genitalia
- Giardia lamblia: Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis
- Trichomonas vaginalis: Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis
- Giardia
- Toxoplasma
- Malaria
- Leishmania
Helminthology:
(a) Cestodes – Taenia
– Echinococcus
– D. Latum
– H. nana
(b) Trematodes – Schistosoma, Fasciola
(c) Nematodes – Ascaris, Holl worm, Strongyloidiasis, Trichuris, Trichinella,
Dracunculus, washeteria bancroftian
PRACTICAL
IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY
WIDAL Test
VDRL Test,
RA Test
CRP Test
Pregnancy Test & HIV Test
PARASITOLOGY
Stool examination.
Identification of different ova & cysts in stool samples.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
THEORY
Biochemistry II
- I. Basic Laboratory Practices
Preparation of solutions and reagents
Basic requirement – type / grade of chemicals, solvents, types of water and other
requirement,
Various types of solutions and reagent – Normal Molar, percent, buffer solutions and
substrates, indicators, standards.
Measurements in Clinical Laboratory
Quantitative estimations-Selecting a method, linearity of a method, endpoint and rate
reaction method. Checking accuracy and precision
Calibration: Preparation of calibration curve, importance of a calibration curve straight
line calibration and non-liner calibration graph; Technique of preparing a calibration
curve using stock standard solution. Graphic representation of calibration.
- Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Structural properties- Stereoisomerism, optical activity, cyclic structures, mutarotation,
epimers.
Monosaccharides of biological importance. Important chemical reactions –formation of
furfural derivatives, enediols, oxazines, sugar acids, sugar alcohols. Deoxy sugar
Biomedical importance of amino sugar, glycosides.
Disaccharides: Properties of maltose, lactose, sucrose. Invert sugars. Biomedical
importance of Lactose and Sucrose.
Polysaccharides: Properties of starch and glycogen. Biomedical importance of inulin.
Mucopolysaccharides- Composition, tissues distribution and functions.
III. Chemistry of amino acids and proteins
Properties of amino acids-Isomerism, amphoteric nature and isoelectric pH. Peptide
bond formation. Colour reactions of amino acids. Use of amino acids analysis in
diagnosis of diseases. Peptide and functions
Proteins – Function. Classification- Based on composition and solubility, functional
and nutritional. Protein Structure – primary(insulin), secondary, tertiary and
quaternary.
Precipitation reactions of proteins – salting out, iso-electric precipitation, precipitation
by organic solvents, heavy metal ions, alkaloidal reagents. Denaturation of proteins.
Heat coagulation. Preparation of protein free filtrates for quantitative estimations.
- Enzymes
Classification, properties, specificity, mechanism of enzyme action , factors affecting
enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition. Coenzymes. Analytical and therapeutic role of
enzymes. Immobilized enzymes.
- Chemistry of Nucleic acids
Structure of DNA. Watson – Crick model, different forms of DNA.
Structure of RNA. Types of RNA. Structure of tRNA.
Functions of DNA and RNA.
- Water soluble vitamins:
Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, Folic acid and Vitamin C
Chemistry, Sources, RDA, functions, deficiency and or toxicity. Antivitamins.
VII. Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Disorders.
Metabolic pathways, energetic, inhibitors and regulation, disorders- Glycolysis, TCA
cycle, Glycogen metabolism.
Diabetes mellitus-Diagnosis and management.
Principles and procedure for the determination of plasma glucose levels- radiometric
and enzymatic method.
Urinary glucose.
VIII. Metabolism of amino acids and nucleic acids
- Non protein nitrogenous compounds:
Formation of ammonia – transamination and deamination, Urea cycle and disorders,
Blood urea/Blood urea nitrogen- clinical importance.
Biosynthesis of creatine. Formation of creatinine, clinical importance of creatinine.
Degradation of purine nucleotides, formation of uric acid, disorders- Gout, Leschi
Nyan syndrome.
Principles and procedures for the determination of Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine & uric acid colorimetric and enzymatic methods.
- Catabolism of Branched chain, Phenylalanine/Tyrosine catabolism:
Pathway Disorders- Phenylketonuria, Alkaptonuria, Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Overview of Body Fluids
Ascitic fluids, CSF, peritoneal, pleural, pericardial and synovial fluids. Quantitative
analysis of constituents in different types of fluids.
- Specimen collection: Technique, use of anticoagulants and preservatives where
appropriate. Storage, time of collection, instructions to patients for timed sample
collection.
Disposal
Blood –venous and capillary puncture.
Urine-random, timed & 24 hrs.
- Normal constituents of urine: Physical characteristics. Chemical examination of urinary constituents.
- Renal function tests.
Glomerular and tubular function. Handling of different solutes by tubules. Reabsorption
of water.
Abnormal constituents of urine –Physical characteristics. Chemical examination of
urinary constituents.
Clearance tests. Definition. Procedure for creatinine clearance test, reference values and
significance.
Tests of tubular function: Concentration and dilution tests. Measurement of specific
gravity and osmolality.
Urinary acidification: Ammonium chloride loading test.
XII. Techniques
Spectrophotometry: Principle, components, operation, care and maintenance, relation
between concentration and optical density, standardization of spectrophotometer.
Chromatography: Principle. Partition chromatography- instrumentation and
application in identification of amino acids.
Others-Principle and application
Osmometry, Reflectance photometry, Turbidimetry, Nephelometry.
Glucometers: Principle, instrumentation and application.
ASSIGMENT TOPIC:
Oral Glucose tolerance test.
Glycated HbA1c
Microalbuminuria
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
- PRACTICAL APPROACH TO BASIC LABURATORY PRACTICES
- Pipetting techniques
Use of glass pipettes-graduated and volumetric pipets; Specimen and Reagent using fixed
and variable pipettes
- Operation of instruments
Analytical Balance: Weighing chemicals, deliquescent, hygroscopic compounds and acids.
pH meter: Checking pH of urine and buffers by electrometry.
Centrifuges: concept of balancing, time and speed specifications.
Urinometer, Eshbach’s illuminometer.
- Techniques of preparation of solutions and reagents
Normal, Molar, percent (Na2CO3, NACI, NaOH, KCl, HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH, Sodium
tungstate) Buffers (Phosphate buffer, citrate buffer), Indicators.
Standard solutions – Creatinine, Total Protein etc.
- Dilution technique
Dilution of stock standards and reagents to working.
Dilution of acids
Part dilution of body fluids
Determination of pH : using indicators, pH paper, universal indicator solutions
- QUALITATIVE
- a. colour reactions- known test solutions
Carbohydrates: Glucose, Fructose, Xylose, Sucrose, Starch.
Amino acids in protein solution
NPN-Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid.
Tithable acidity and ammonia in urine.
- Precipitation reactions
Albumin
Preparation of protein free filtrates for quantitative estimations- glucose, urea, creatinine
uric acid estimation.
- Spot tests for
Phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, MSUD
- Urine analysis
Normal and Abnormal urine
III. QUANTITATIVE
- Operation of colorimeter / Spectrophotometer.
Colorimetric experiment to select a complementary filter.
Concept of use of blank, reagent blank.
Standardization of a colorimeter/spectrophotometer using coloured solution.
Graphing of Beer’s law-drawing calibration curve.
Determination of unknown concentration of coloured solution from calibration curve.
Concept of one point calculation or calibration (T/S X concentration of standard)
- Quantitative estimation by manual methods-Preparation of calibration curve &
estimation of unknown analyte concentration
Blood Glucose by radiometric method (Not to use O-toluidine method as it is a potent
carcinogen)
Blood urea by Diacetyl Monoxime method.
Serum and urine creatinine by Jaffe’s reaction. Determination of Creatinine clearance rate.
Serum uric acid by Caraway’s method.
CSF and urine protein by sulphosalicylic acid method
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING
Basic computer Architecture:
Fundamentals of Computers, Block diagram of PC, peripheral devices of PC and their
functions
Number System & Data Representation:
Decimal Number System, Binary number system, Decimal to Binary conversion, Binary
operations. Octal number system & the conversion. Octal to Decimal. Binary to Octal & Vice
Versa.
Boolean Algebra:
Definition, Difference between Boolean with Arithmetic & ordinary algebra. Two valued
Boolean Algebra. Basic theorems of Boolean Algebra. Precedence of voperators. Boolean
function & truth tables. The AND, OR, NOT gate. DeMorgans theorem. The NOR, NAND
gate. The XOR & X-NOR gate. Conversion of Boolean expression into logic diagram. Using
AND, OR, AND, NOT gates.
Logic Circuits:
Combinational logic circuit, Adder, Subtractor, Decoder, Encoder.
Operating System:
Introduction & classification of software, working principle of MS DOS (Some basic internal
& external commands). Creating a file. Windows & its components. Accessories, program
manager, main, desktop icons.
MS- Office:
Introduction of word processing-invoking MS-word – create, edit, save document, cut &
paste perform operations on blocks of text, header & footer, Mail Merge, printer setup.
Introduction of EXCEL. Concept of worksheet, making Charts & graphs, perform
calculations & re calculations.
C-Language:
Overview of C, algorithm & flow chart, datatypes. Variables & constants, operators,
expressions & assignment statements, control statements, arrays in C (One dimensional).
Introduction to Internet:
Basic concepts of Internet.
SYLLABUS B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) Third Year PATHOLOGY-I
(HISTOPATHOLOGY & CYTOLOGY TECHNIQUES)
THEORY
- Introduction to Histopathology, exfoliative Cytology.
- Basic steps for Tissue Processing- Fixing, Embedding, Microtomy, Staining, Mounting, methods of decalcifications.
- Laboratory requirements for Histopathology & Cytology – Chemicals & Reagents.
- Equipment’s –
Microscope, Microtome -Types, Uses, Parts, different types of microtome knives, care & maintenance. Automated tissue processor – components, working & precautions during use, Tissue floating bath.
- Staining Methods –
- Haematoxylin & Eosin stain, Haematoxylin – Types, methods of preparation, staining, Eosin – Method of preparation.
- Reticulin stain
- PAP staining- components & methods.
- Gyms
- Museum Techniques
- The mounting of pathological specimens – Introduction., Preparation of specimen, Fixation of specimen- Keyserling solution-1 & Keyserling solution-2
- Precaution taken for the Fixation of Specimens.
- Storage of Specimens.
- Mounting of Museum Specimens.
- Routine Mounting of Specimens.
- Filling and Scaling.
- Immunohistology Chemistry
PRACTICAL
- Parts of microtome
- Tissue processing
- H&E stainin
g 4. PAP staining.
- Giemsa
PATHOLOGY-II (COAGULATION STUDIES)
THEORY
- Haemostasis – Definition, Basic concept and principle, Basic steps involved in Haematosis.
- Coagulation –
- Basic Physiology, coagulation factors.
- Mechanism of blood coagulation.
- Extrinsic Pathway.
- Intrinsic Pathway.
- Regulators of blood coagulation.
- Testing of blood coagulation –
- Bleeding Time, Duke’s method.
- Clotting Time- Capillary tube method & Lee white’s method.
- PT, apt, TT
- Clot retraction time
- Determination of fibrinogen.
- 4. Quality Assurance for routine Haemostasis Laboratory
- Introduction.
- Sample collection technique (Phlebotomy)
- Sample preparation, Anticoagulant used, Importance of use of Sodium
- Role in Diseases, Bleeding disorders
- Platelet disorder – Thrombocytopenia’s – causes including aplastic anaemia.
- D I C
- IT P
- Haemophilia
PRACTICAL
- Precautions to prevent haemolysis
- Storage of blood specimens
- Bleeding time & clotting time estimation
- Prothrombin time estimation
- PTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) estimation.
- Clot retraction time
MICROBIOLOGY-I (SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY, MYCOLOGY)
THEORY SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY:
Study of – Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Neisseria meningitis, Corny bacterium diphtheriae, Mycobacterium, Clostridium, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio & Spirochaetes with reference to their: – Morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical reaction, pathogenesis/disease caused & lab diagnosis. Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsiaceae
MYCOLOGY: – Morphology and Structure of fungi – Classification of fungi – Nutrition and cultivation of fungus – Cutaneous & Sub cutaneous and Systemic Mycosis (in brief) – Lab diagnosis of fungal Infections – Opportunistic fungal infections
MICROBIOLOGY-II (VIROLOGY, QUALITY LABORATORY MANAGEMENT & AUTOMATION)
THEORY
VIROLOGY:
General characters of viruses – Classification of viruses – Cultivation of viruses – Pox viruses, – Herpes viruses – Adeno viruses – Picloran viruses – Orthomyxovirus viruses – Paramylon viruses – Arbor viruses – Rhabdom viruses – Hepatitis viruses – Oncogenic viruses – HIV – Parvo viruses – Viral Haemorrhagic fever – Rota viruses – Corona viruses – Lab diagnosis of viral infections – Bacteriophages. Laboratory Management & Automation
PRACTICAL SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY:
- Culture Techniques 2. Composition of culture media 3. Preparation of media 4. Identification of media & their uses 5. Culture methods & identification of common bacteria on media. 6. Antibiotic sensitivity testing. MYCOLOGY & VIROLOGY: 1. Culture Media used for fungus. 2. Fungal culture 3. Methods of lab diagnosis & virus.
BIOSTATISTICS
- Introduction:
Definition, Scope, Application and uses of Biostatistics, Types of Statistics – Medical Statistics, Health Statistics, Vital Statistics, Biostatistics. Scales of measurement – Nominal, Ordinal, Interval & Ratio Scale.
- Data & Its Presentation:
Types of Variables – Simple, Composite, Dependent, Independent, Latent & Random Variables. Types of Data – Discrete, Continuous, Qualitative, Quantitative, Grouped, Ungrouped, Primary & Secondary. Charts and diagrams for qualitative & quantitative data: Qualitative Data Diagram: Simple, Multiple, Component, Pie or Sector diagram, Pictogram. Quantitative Data Diagram: Histogram, Frequency Curve, Frequency Polygon, Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive), Scatter Diagram,
- Measure of location –
Average and Percentiles: Measure of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean Measures of Location – Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
- Variability & its measures: Types of Variability- Biological, Real, Experimental Variability. Measures of Dispersion – Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variation, Coefficient of Variation. Normal Distribution – Normal Curve Divergence from normal curve – Skewness & Kurtosis.
- Probability: Definition, Uses of Probability, Addition theorem & Multiplication theorem.
- Sample size and sampling technique: Some common terminology used in statistics – Parameter, Statistics, Population, Sample, Sampling Unit, Sampling frame, Sample size determination for quantitative and qualitative data. Types of Sampling – Probability Sampling & Non-Probability Sampling. Probability Sampling: Simple random sampling, Stratified sampling, Systematic sampling, Cluster sampling. Non-Probability Sampling: Purposive sampling, Judgment sampling, Multistage sampling, Convenience sampling.
- Sampling variability and Null hypothesis: Standard error, Standard error of mean, Standard error of proportion, Confidence limits, Confidence Interval, Level of significance, p-value, Type-I & Type-II error. One tailed and two tailed test, Degree of freedom.
- Difference between proportion: X 2 -test, Z-test for proportion.
- Difference between means: Paired t-test, independent t-test.
- Correlation & Regression: Relation between two variables Regression. Applications: Collection, presentation and analysis of hospital statistical data with examples. Collection, presentation and analysis of Lab Investigation data with few examples
The BMLT course syllabus varies with other para-medical courses. It largely focuses on lab procedures. Semester-wise syllabus for BMLT programme is mentioned below:
SEMISTER WISE BMLT Syllabus
Sl. No Semester I
1 Terminology and General Plan of the Body
2 Cells
3 Musculoskeletal System
4 Respiratory System
5 Digestive System
Sl. No Semester II
1 Cardiovascular System
2 The Nervous System
3 Endocrine System
4 Special Senses
5 Genitourinary System
Sl. No Semester III
1 Introduction and History of Pathology
2 General features of Acute and Chronic Inflammation
3 Tissue Renewal and Repair
4 Protein Energy Malnutrition
5 Cancer
Sl. No Semester IV
1 Haemoglobin
2 Complete Blood Count
3 Mechanism of Coagulation
4 Introduction to Immunohematology
5 Progressive
Sl. No Semester V
1 Staining of Carbohydrates
2 Demonstration of Minerals and Pigments in Tissue Sample
3 Autoimmune Disorders
4 Demonstration of Nucleic Acids
5 Immunohistochemistry
Sl. No Semester VI
1 Basic Principles of Blood Banking
2 Other Blood Group System such as Lewi
3 Transfusion Transmissible Infectious Disease Screen
4 Blood Components and its Preparation
5 Apheresis
BMLT Colleges in West Bengal: There are so many colleges in West Bengal for BMLT course admission for Science Students, Physics, Chemistry and Biology
JOB PROSPECTS AFTER BMLT
Private and Government Jobs
Sl. No Jobs
1 Lab Technician
2 Blood Bank Technician
3 Cardiac Technician
4 Lab Technicians – Pathology
5 Echo/ ECG/TMT Technician
6 X-Ray Technician
7 Biochemistry Technician
8 Microbiology Technician
9 Research Scientist
10 Chief Medical Health Officer
11 Medical Officer
English
العربية
বাংলা
简体中文
हिन्दी
मराठी
नेपाली
தமிழ்
اردو